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Since its inception in 1997, Wi-Fi technology has developed significantly: whilst the first generation could barely transmit 1 Mbit, bandwidths in the gigabit range are now possible. Modern mesh systems offer simple network configuration as well as automatic switching of end devices between distributed Wi-Fi access points (repeaters) within the network.

Despite all these improvements, however, the general problem with Wi-Fi technology remains: the transmission power of the devices is relatively low and regulated by law, which limits the range of the radio signal. Even a solid wall or a reinforced concrete ceiling can make Wi-Fi reception impossible. Mesh systems do little to change this if the connection between the access points is via Wi-Fi – in this case, they function like conventional repeaters. In apartment blocks, there is an additional problem – many networks are concentrated in a ‘confined space’, overlapping in the Wi-Fifrequencies they use and interfering with one another.

That is why the principle still applies today: fast and stable connectivity requires a wired network! For optimal Wi-Fi coverage, the mesh repeaters must be connected to the network via LAN cables; wireless connections between the base stations should be the absolute exception!

An obvious solution for setting up a wired network is to use powerline modems, which utilise existing electrical wiring for data transmission. Using the devices is incredibly simple: you plug them into the sockets, press a button to synchronise them, and the network is up and running straight away. What sounds good in theory fails in practice due to laws of physics: the power lines are neither shielded nor twisted, so they do not meet the requirements for a proper data cable. Furthermore, the cables of different circuits in the house are not connected together. Everyone knows the reality of powerline networking: it only achieves a fraction of the speed advertised by the manufacturer, and the network often suffers from high latency and dropouts.

Setting up a home network with our devices is just as simple: you just need to connect them using the existing coaxial or telephone cables in your home, and the network is ready to use straight away. However, the quality of this connection is far superior! Unlike power cables, coaxial and telephone cables are designed for fast and stable data transmission: coaxial cables are very well shielded, telephone cables are twisted, and some types have basic shielding. That is why they have always been used successfully in telecommunications and TV transmission.

Our G.hn modems and switches utilise the beneficial properties of telephone and coaxial cables and, with the help of the G.hn standard, transform them into a fast wired network. A major advantage for Wi-Fi coverage: the Wi-Fi repeaters are connected to the network via LAN!

The nominal performance of telephone and coaxial cables is roughly the same. When setting up a network in a private house, coaxial and telephone cables deliver similar performance.

When networking larger buildings (hotels, halls of residence, etc.), we recommend using coaxial or 4-core telephone cables.

If necessary, coaxial and telephone solutions can be used in parallel.

Up to 35dB attenuation, a net bandwidth of approx. 1500MBit/s is achieved with telephone and coaxial cables, at 50dB – approx. 1GBit/s, at 75dB – still 100MBit/s.

Various cable types with different attenuation values exist on the market.

The following graphs show the achievable bandwidth in practice for common telephone cable types in SISO and MIMO mode (2-/4-wire) as well as for typical coaxial cables:

• Telephone cables for indoor cabling: J-Y(St)Y, J-YY and J-2Y(St)Y. In common parlance they are also called electrician’s / post / ISDN cables.
• Telephone cable for outdoor cabling: A-2Y(L)2Y and A-02Y(L)2Y underground cable
• Coaxial cable for indoor cabling: RG-59, RG-6 and RG-11 with attenuation at 200MHz of 17dB, 12dB and 8dB respectively

We are convinced that private customers also have a right to the best possible quality!

That is why we use the same high-quality modem hardware for all applications. We achieve the different functionality by using different firmware versions: InHome (for home networking) or Master/Client (for Enterprise/Telco applications).

When should InHome Modems be used?

• For forwarding the fibre optic connection from the ONT to the router in the family home.
• For home networking. Up to 16 modems can be connected to each other. Several compatible models are available, including one with PoE function.
  All modems in the network share the bandwidth of approx. 1.5GBit/s. For best performance, they communicate in peer-to-peer mode with a very short latency of less than 1ms.

When should Master/Client Modem Sets be used?

• For a point-to-point data connection with very high range. For this purpose, the firmware supports 4-wire operation (MIMO). Depending on the cable type, distances of several hundred metres with very high bandwidth are possible.
• A continuous PoE supply of end devices is also possible with our PoE-capable master/client modem set.

When should Master Switch with Client Modems (EndPoints) be used?

• For distribution of fibre optic connections in apartment buildings.
• For Internet distribution and networking in residential complexes and large buildings (hotels, dormitories, schools, shops etc.). Also with central PoE supply of end devices.

The G.hn master switch offers a bandwidth of up to 1500 Mbps on each cable strand as well as central administration of all G.hn components incl. VLAN configuration in the entire network. With vectoring (G.now VectorBoost) it enables stable and fast operation even over unshielded telephone cables and double cores of a common cable. Each G.hn switch has at least one 10Gbit SFP+ uplink port.

The same applies to our coax modems as to telephone devices: the included firmware determines the application purpose, the modem hardware is always the same and of high quality.

When should InHome Modems be used?

• For forwarding the fibre optic connection from the ONT to the router in the single-family house. Thanks to usually good shielding of coaxial cables, modem pairs can also be used in apartment buildings if the flats have separate feed lines from the location of the ONTs.
• For home networking. Up to 16 modems can be connected together. Several compatible models are available, including one with PoE function. All modems in the network share the bandwidth of approx. 1.6GBit/s. For best performance, they communicate in peer-to-peer mode with a very short latency of less than 1ms.

When should Master/Client Modem Sets be used?

• For point-to-point data connections with continuous PoE supply of end devices (access points, webcams, etc.).

When should Master Switch with Client Modems (EndPoints) be used?

• For distribution of fibre optic connections in apartment buildings.
• For Internet distribution and networking in residential complexes and large buildings (hotels, dormitories, schools, shops etc.). Also with central PoE supply of end devices.

The G.hn master switch enables a bandwidth of up to 1600 Mbps on each cable line and connection of up to 16 end points as well as central administration of all G.hn components including VLAN configuration in the entire network. Each G.hn switch has at least one 10Gbit SFP+ up-link port.

Special offer for cost-savers: For Internet distribution in small networks or buildings, we also offer a Master/EndPoint configuration without the G.hn Master Switch. It consists of a master modem with up to 16 EndPoints. This solution is designed for plug-n-play installation. In-depth administration of the G.hn network is not possible because the solution does not use a G.hn master switch.

We no longer develop or offer devices with integrated WiFi. The reason is simple – the state of WiFi networking today is a mesh system. This is technically the best (and only right) solution, because with a WiFi mesh system the entire configuration takes place centrally in one place and the end devices can switch between the access points (repeaters) automatically and without data interruption during operation.

With a WiFi mesh system, all components must be from the same manufacturer, as there is currently no common mesh standard.

Our recommendation is therefore to combine our modems with suitable repeaters of your choice, which you connect to our modems via LAN cable. 

Another positive effect is the possibility of continuing to use existing mesh repeaters. This saves costs and avoids electrical waste. 

We are often asked the following question: “According to the web interface, the modems achieve a bandwidth of approx. 1800MBit/s. I can distribute my gigabit connection in the house at full power without any problems, and also transfer files in the local network at gigabit speed. However, with iperf for Windows I only measure 100-300MBit/s. What is the problem?”

It is due to the age-old error in the Windows version of iperf, which is in the obsolete cygwin1.dll file.

If iperf detects a somewhat longer latency during the measurement than is usual with classic Ethernet, the size of the Windows receive buffer (TCPWindowSize) is often not scaled correctly. The buffer is selected too small and the bandwidth of the data connection cannot be fully utilised.

To achieve correct results with the Windows version of iperf, there are several solutions:

• When starting iperf, set the TCPWindowSize manually with the parameter -w (-w 1024K).
• Update the old cygwin1.dll. The current version is included in the cygwin package: https://www.cygwin.com/
• Linux or macOS versions of iperf.

Or use other measuring tools.